Glossary

AIM
London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market.
Alluvial
Diamond deposits which are located in sediments transported by river or marine systems.
Audit
Checking mechanisms to verify the veracity of results.
Bulk sample
Large sample which is processed through a small-scale plant, not a laboratory.
Capex
Capital expenditure.
Carat
Unit of weight for diamonds. The metric carat equals 200mg.
Cross section
A diagramme or drawing that shows features transected by a vertical plane drawn at right angles to the longer axis of a geologic feature.
Cut-off grade
The lowest grade of mineralised material considered economic to extract; used in the calculation of the ore reserves in a given deposit.
Diamond drilling
A drilling method, where the rock is cut with a diamond bit, to extract a core of the rock.
Diamond grade
The content of diamonds, measured in carats, within a volume or mass of rock.
Diamondiferous
Containing diamonds.
DMS
Dense Medium Separation, a way of separating diamonds or heavy minerals from waste material using a flotation process.
Estimation
The quantitative judgement of a variable.
Exploration
Prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond drilling and other work involved in the search for mineralisation.
Feasibility study
A definitive engineering estimate of all costs, revenues, equipment requirements and production levels likely to be achieved if a mine is developed. The study is used to define the economic viability of a project and to support the search for project financing.
Garnet
A silicate mineral. The magnesium-rich variety, pyrope, is commonly found in kimberlites.
Grade
The relative quantity or percentage of diamonds within the rock mass. Measured as carats per hundred tonnes in this report.
In situ
In its original place, most often used to refer to the location of the mineral resources.
Indicated diamond resource
That part of a diamond resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and average diamond value can be estimated with a reasonable level of confidence. It is based on exploration sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. The locations are too widely or inappropriately spaced to confirm geological and/or grade continuity but are spaced closely enough for continuity to be assumed and sufficient diamonds have been recovered to allow a confident estimate of average diamond value (SAMREC Code).
Inferred diamond
That part of a diamond resource for which tonnage, grade and average diamond value can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence and assumed but not verified by geological and/or grade continuity and a sufficiently large diamond parcel is not available to ensure reasonable representation of the diamond assortment. It is based on information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that may be limited or of uncertain quality and reliability (SAMREC Code).
Kimberlite
An ultra basic rock defined as a porphyritic alkalic peridotite containing phenocrysts of olivine and phlogopite. Occurs as dykes or as characteristically carrot-shaped pipes.
KIM
Kimberlite indicator minerals – diamonds, garnets, and several other minerals which are unique to kimberlitic rocks.
MBS
Mini bulk sampling; the collection and processing of typically one to several hundred tonnes of kimberlite as part of the initial steps on the road to establishing a grade of a given deposit.
Measured diamond resource
That part of a diamond resource for which tonnage, densities, shape, physical characteristics, grade and average diamond value can be estimated with a high level of confidence. It is based on detailed and reliable exploration sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. The locations are spaced closely enough to confirm geological and grade continuity and sufficient diamonds have been recovered to allow a confident estimate of average diamond value.
Mineable
That portion of a resource for which extraction is technically and economically feasible.
Mineralisation
The presence of a target mineral in a mass of host rock.
NAV
Net asset value.
NPV
Net present value.
Opencast/Open pit
Surface mining in which the ore is extracted from a pit. The geometry of the pit may vary with the characteristics of the ore body.
Orebody
A continuous well-defined mass of material of sufficient ore content to make extraction feasible.
Parcel
A collection of diamonds of various sizes made available for sale as a single package.
Percussion drilling
A drilling method where the rock is broken by a compressed-air driven bit into chips that are blown up the hole to be sampled.
Primary deposit
With reference to the deposition of diamonds, these deposits include kimberlite pipes, dykes, blows and fissures as well as lamproites. Contrasted with alluvial.
Primary gravel
Potentially diamondiferous alluvial gravels derived from primary deposits.
Probable reserves
The economically mineable material derived from a measured and/or indicated diamond resource. It is estimated with a lower level of confidence than a proven reserve. It is inclusive of diluting materials and allows for losses that may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments, which may include feasibility studies, have been carried out, including consideration of, and modification by, realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction is reasonably justified.
Proven reserves
The economically mineable material derived from a measured diamond resource. It is estimated with a high level of confidence. It is inclusive of diluting materials and allows for losses that may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments, which may include feasibility studies, have been carried out, including consideration of, and modification by, realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction is reasonably justified.
Rehabilitation
The process of restoring mined land to a condition approximating to a greater or lesser degree its original state. Reclamation standards are determined by the South African Department of Minerals and Energy Affairs and address ground and surface water, topsoil, final slope gradients, waste handling and revegetation issues.
RVK
Resedimented volcaniclastic kimberlite. Volcaniclastic kimberlite that has been redistributed by sedimentary processes during and directly after volcanic eruptions.
Sample
The removal of a small amount of rock pertaining to the deposit, which is used to estimate the grade of the deposit and other geological parameters.
Sampling
Taking small pieces of rock at intervals along exposed mineralisation for assay (to determine the mineral content).
Slimes
The fine fraction of tailings discharged from a processing plant without being treated; in the case of diamonds, usually that fraction which is less than 1mm in size.
Slimes dam
A storage facility for all fine waste products from the processing plant.
Stockpile
A store of unprocessed ore.
Stone size
Average size of the diamonds, expressed as carats/stone.
Stones
Diamonds.
Tailings
The waste products of the processing circuit. These may still contain very small quantities of the economic mineral.
Tailings dump
Dumps created of waste material from processed ore after the economically recoverable metal or mineral has been extracted.
Tonnage
Quantities where the tonne is an appropriate unit of measure.Typically used to measure reserves of target commodity bearing material or quantities of ore and waste material mined, transported or milled.
Yield/Recovered grade
The actual grade of ore realised after the mining and treatment process.


Unit descriptions

o
Degree
oC
Degrees Celsius
cm
Centimetre
cpht
Carat per hundred tonnes
ct
Carat
ha
Hectare
km
Kilometre
km2
Square kilometres
m
Metre
m
Million
m2
Square metres
m3
Cubic metre
t
Tonne
tpa
Tonnes per annum
tph
Tonnes per hour
tpm
Tonnes per month