Internal control
The board is ultimately responsible for the Group’s system
of internal control and for reviewing its effectiveness. However,
such a system is designed to manage, rather than eliminate, the
risk of failure to achieve business objectives, and can provide
only reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement
or loss.
Following publication of guidance for directors on internal control
Internal Control: Guidance for directors on the Combined Code
(the Turnbull Guidance), the board confirms that there is an ongoing
process for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant
risks faced by the Group, that has been in place for the year under
review and up to the date of approval of the annual report and accounts,
and that this process is regularly reviewed by the board and accords
with the guidance.
The principal elements of the internal control framework are
as follows:
(a) Contract appraisal
A risk analysis covering technical, operational and financial issues
is performed as part of the bidding process. The bidding of contracts
is approved at the appropriate level. The performance of contracts
is monitored by each business unit on a weekly basis.
(b) Budgeting and forecasting
There is a comprehensive budgeting system with an annual budget
approved by the directors. This budget includes monthly profit and
loss accounts, balance sheets and cash flows. Forecasts for the
full year are updated as considered necessary. In addition, detailed
quarterly forecasts are prepared for the two subsequent years.
(c) Financial reporting
Detailed monthly management accounts are prepared which compare
profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, cash flows
and other information with budget, and significant variances
are investigated.
(d) Cash control
A rolling 12 week cash forecast is prepared each week to monitor
the Group’s short term cash positions and to control immediate
borrowing requirements.
(e) Investments and capital expenditure
All significant investment decisions, including capital expenditure,
are referred to the appropriate divisional or Group authority level.
On behalf of the board, the Audit Committee has reviewed the effectiveness
of the system of internal control. In particular,
it has reviewed and updated the process for identifying and evaluating
the significant risks affecting the business and the policies and
procedures by which these risks are managed.
Management are responsible for the identification and evaluation
of significant risks applicable to their areas of business together
with the design and operation of suitable internal controls. These
risks are assessed on a continual basis and may be associated with
a variety of internal or external sources including control breakdowns,
disruptions in information systems, markets and competition, natural
catastrophe and regulatory requirements.
A process of control self-assessment and hierarchical reporting
has been established which provides for a documented and auditable
trail of accountability. These procedures are relevant across Group
operations and provide for successive assurances to be given at
increasingly higher levels of management and, finally, to the board.
Management report on their review of risks and how they
are managed to the Audit Committee. One of the roles of the
Audit Committee is to review, on behalf of the board, the key risks
inherent in the business and the system of control necessary to
manage such risks, and to present their findings to the board. The
Audit Committee reviews the assurance procedures, ensuring that
an appropriate mix of techniques is used to obtain the level of
assurance required by the board. The Audit Committee presents its
findings to the board twice yearly.
The chief executive reports to the board on significant changes
in the business and the external environment that affect significant
risks. The finance director provides the board with monthly financial
information that includes key performance and risk indicators.
Where areas for improvement are identified, the board considers
the recommendations made by the Audit Committee.
Directors’ responsibilities in relation to the financial
statements
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements
for each financial year which give a true and fair view of the state
of affairs of the Company and Group and of the profit or loss for
that period. In preparing those financial statements, the directors
are required to:
(a) select suitable accounting policies and then apply
them consistently;
(b) make judgements and estimates that are reasonable
and prudent;
(c) state whether applicable accounting standards have been followed,
subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the
financial statements; and
(d) prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis
unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company and Group
will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records
which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial
position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial
statements comply with the Companies Act 1985. They have general
responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them
to safeguard the assets of the Group and to prevent and detect fraud
and other irregularities.
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