12. Income tax expense

A. Income tax recognised in profit or loss

  Year ended
2 January
2010
$ million
Year ended
3 January
2009
$ million
Year ended
29 December
2007
$ million
Current tax  
UK corporation tax on profits for the period0.3(13.7)2.2
Adjustments in respect of prior periods0.40.3
Total UK tax0.7(13.4)2.2
Overseas tax on profits for the period17.251.2109.5
Increase/(decrease) in provision for uncertain tax positions15.8(3.2)(4.0)
Adjustments in respect of prior periods8.02.6(8.2)
Total overseas tax41.050.697.3
Total current tax41.737.299.5
Deferred tax  
Origination or reversal of temporary differences(24.8)(108.2)(128.1)
Utilisation of previously unrecognised tax losses(36.9)(4.7)(9.8)
Tax losses in the period not recognised49.6111.4187.5
Other changes in unrecognised deferred tax assets(1.2)3.25.6
Adjustments in respect of prior periods(0.4)(0.5)(4.2)
Total deferred tax(13.7)1.251.0
Income tax expense for the period28.038.4150.5
   
Continuing operations28.538.4 139.9
Discontinued operations (see note 13)(0.5)10.6
 28.038.4150.5

The income tax expense for the period recognised in profit or loss differs from the product of the (loss)/profit before tax for the period and the rate of UK corporation tax as follows:

  Year ended
2 January
2010
$ million
Year ended
3 January
2009
$ million
Year ended
29 December
2007
$ million
Profit/(loss) before tax:  
– Continuing operations38.4(8.1)525.1
– Discontinued operations(4.4)(56.1)
 34.0(8.1)469.0
   
UK corporation tax at 28% (2008: 28.5%; 2007: 30%) on profit/(loss)9.5(2.3)140.7
Permanent differences(3.3)(48.7)(3.4)
Adjustment in respect of prior periods8.02.4(12.4)
Increase/(decrease) in provisions for uncertain tax positions15.8(3.2)(4.0)
Effect of different tax rates on overseas profits(11.5)(7.1)20.6
Foreign tax credits(4.1)(13.3)(13.8)
Temporary differences on investment in subsidiaries2.10.5(160.7)
Tax losses in the period not recognised49.6111.4187.5
Utilisation of previously unrecognised tax losses(36.9)(4.7)(9.8)
Other changes in unrecognised deferred tax assets(1.2)3.45.8
Income tax expense for the period28.038.4150.5

In 2009, deferred tax assets of $49.6 million (2008: $111.4 million, 2007: $26.8 million) were not recognised on tax losses carried forward because it was not considered probable that the taxable entities concerned would generate sufficient taxable profits in the foreseeable future against which the losses may be utilised. Also in 2009, the provision for uncertain tax positions increased by $15.8 million, principally due to an extension of the period available to the tax authorities of certain jurisdictions in which to assess tax payable in prior years.

Permanent differences arising in 2008 principally comprised a tax benefit of $115.8 million on currency translation losses that were not recognised in the accounts but were deductible for tax purposes, less the tax effect of $69.4 million on expenses that were recognised in the accounts but were not deductible for tax purposes (in particular, the tax effect of $45.4 million attributable to the impairment of goodwill).

In 2007, a deferred tax asset was not recognised in respect of losses amounting to $160.7 million that related to investments in subsidiaries that were held for sale because there were insufficient available capital gains against which the losses could be utilised.

B. Income tax (benefit)/expense recognised outside profit and loss

  Year ended
2 January
2010
$ million
Year ended
3 January
2009
$ million
Year ended
29 December
2007
$ million
Income tax on items recognised in other comprehensive income  
Loss/(gain) on net investment hedges0.616.8(2.1)
Net actuarial (loss)/gain(27.0)(30.2)15.0
Available-for-sale investments:  
– Gain/(loss) arising in the period0.1(0.4)(0.3)
– Reclassification to profit or loss of gain on investments sold(0.5)(0.2)
 (26.3)(14.3)12.4
Income tax on items recognised directly in equity  
Share-based incentives(0.9)0.2
Income tax (benefit)/expense recognised outside profit or loss(27.2)(14.3)12.6